|
在文章的浏览(即略读,skimming)过程中,对文中信息重要性的判断可以帮助读者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在浏览过程中,读者可以通过寻找“信号词”来区分重要信息和非重要信息。诚信学习网为大家收集整理了在阅读过程中常见的几类“信号词”,希望对提高大家的阅读有所帮助!* z$ O5 \+ @" F2 s
1. 以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息:; ~, `) X5 N$ |0 ?4 D
' `! r, j% U9 n: {
The main / important point / conclusion / reason…。
7 N0 I3 C6 [( p8 b7 z* d* ?) R
: ?6 {6 L9 ]0 r) p7 @3 v The point to note here…
% O! e+ ]9 j# M* Q* \# p) \! R/ W# \+ W8 F$ R
2. 以下词组提示了下文的结构框架:
5 m! l8 s6 ?/ T. [8 Z0 l; K9 H8 T- C: m, {
There are three major reasons…
- ~3 U+ b" W$ ^) P& {8 U) f/ C! N# R l
3. but 和 however表示对比,常常用来提示重要信息,例如:5 s+ u* M$ I/ A$ P+ t! |8 J5 h
( q' W+ L( o8 ?; O1 {( P) x$ e4 ? The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate。
y. k) D2 o8 _ W1 c% F% D" {
3 T' [. I! K; C; n8 M 4. 在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案,提示读者答案中有重要信息,例如:
; O; F8 _" [1 I" w4 e% n% D7 d! Z0 ?: b( o: y0 w" p9 Z
Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood。9 R% \2 k; j J1 p/ H6 p
3 Y5 v/ l; l7 ~2 ?' q+ h4 i4 a
5. 有时,为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点,作者会在文中反复提出自己的观点,例如:
2 o& y5 y- R6 Q D
- D( [- k2 x: p9 _% T1 z7 P9 T3 o Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。7 n" A* Q2 m6 k' f; r
! Y- W+ |( U5 V# I1 C4 J9 F; @) e 6. 文章的结论通常是非常重要的,因此,读者要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”,例如:
# v! b/ z Q! ?( ?0 O3 s) C6 ^, Y; O7 V v( f
Therefore/the result
/ [/ V/ \- ^1 C* R1 _8 ]
" T) E) P! ]' X* ~ In conclusion/we can conclude% u" i& o- M0 i/ W. J
" a( B! D! D: u/ L
One of the primary conclusions) q* m, }# W7 I
$ t- ]; T$ y1 d2 ^3 a& O
7. 举例是为了帮助读者理解某一个观点,因此,文中的例子不是浏览文章时的重要信息。在阅读过程中,以下词组提示读者下文是举例部分信息。- z# U4 E f) X6 P$ N' ?5 G& K
3 S" |2 E8 d/ s6 r) a
For example/instancelike' L( p0 D8 z0 e& [4 ^+ _& o! o: M
& ] A* l$ G o8 p8 |* t+ F Such as these include* l# e5 R1 z) A6 Y3 t
' h3 S: ?' G# q; q$ U
To illustrate among these are
3 O+ Y( x7 Q+ v& D# M+ G M/ |3 x4 T! S* \; ~% e
有时,作者也会用破折号或括号来提示举例信息,例如:0 R2 j7 N' R4 q. s
. v. a% X0 E$ \ _& `* ]- b
The developing countries are dependent on cash crops – sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton。
" ?4 Q/ O/ v" u) D' a; C: L1 s
3 `- m: ^! i( v% {7 o) A Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…; g Q) H; y+ u
. l! q; b2 \% O6 n7 R
在段落浏览时,读者在看到信号词后,应不断对下文信息作出相应的判断,例如:
' C& j) W9 D! F
* t& ~; d% y! V/ X1 T$ ^ The main reason for (提示:下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示:下文信息不重要,仅仅是为了用来证明前面的观点) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria。) R8 K+ f2 H y. c5 v; L( H
P! e0 d5 V3 `! d# r/ e, \, y
Why (提示:问题的答案中有读者应该关注的重点) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (提示:这只是众多答案中的一种,并不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (提示:but后面的是非常重要的信息). For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (提示:这里是作者想要强调的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。/ E+ X( A5 n2 u0 g! A% z5 ~1 S9 Q
" d5 @0 D# I {% [
|
|